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This book describes the design of a low complexity, fault-detecting computer architecture for utilization in programmable logic controllers. The cyclic operating mode of PLCs, and a specification level graphical programming based on the interconnection of application-oriented standard software function modules, are architecturally supported. Thus, by design there is no semantic gap between the programming and machine execution levels. This enables the safety licensing of application software by a simple but rigorous method, namely "back translation".