History term

The oldest recorded histories are the Pentateuch and the books of Joshua and Samuel. They were apparently written down around the year 900 BC. The first person to attempt to criticize historical narratives was the Greek Hectaeus of Malta. The first to organize criticism of historical narratives and establish rules for this are Islamic religious scholars, as they were forced to pay attention to the words and actions of the Prophet in order to understand the Qur'an and distribute justice. They said: "e;It is nothing but a revelation revealed. Whatever is recited from it is the Qur'an, and whatever is not recited is the Sunnah."e; They set out to collect hadiths, study them, and scrutinize them, and they mastered the science of history with rules that, in their foundations and essence, are still respected in scientific circles to this day. Abd al-Rahman Ibn Khaldun came in the fourteenth century. He wrote in his introduction to "e;The Natures of Urbanism"e; and made these natures a scientific criterion for criticizing and scrutinizing historical reports. Thus, he scored a great victory, and even if we disagreed with him regarding the validity of these natures and the necessity of applying them to the events of the past, we cannot help. However, we acknowledge his merit and superiority over all other books in history before him. Geographical discoveries, scientific and artistic awakenings, religious disputes, political ambitions, and philosophical leaps in recent centuries in Europe led to a return to the past, turning its pages, and paying close attention to its news. Throughout these ages, history remained merely an exploitation of the past for political or religious reasons, and was not studied for its own sake. That is, to reach the abstract truth.