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Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidases
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Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidases ( -GTs) are members of the N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase superfamily, enzymes that cleave the -glutamyl amide bond of glutathione to liberate cysteinylglycine. The released -glutamyl group can be transferred to water (hydrolysis) or to amino acids or short peptides (transpeptidation). -GT plays a key role in the gamma glutamyl cycle by regulating the cellular levels of the antioxidant glutathione, hence it is a critical enzyme in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. -GT is upregulated during inflammation and in several human tumors, and it is involved in many physiological disorders related to oxidative stress, such as Parkinson s disease and diabetes. Furthermore, this enzyme is used as a marker of liver disease and cancer. This book covers current knowledge about the structure-function relationship of -GTs and gives information about applications of -GTs in different fields ranging from clinical biochemistry to biotechnology and biomedicine.
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