Perspective for Artists

PART I NATURE'S PERSPECTIVE AS SEEN AND USED DAILY BY PAINTERS I. THE PRINCIPLE OF PERSPECTIVE IN THEORY Visual rays Tracing on glass Perspective terms II. THE RULES OF PERSPECTIVE AND THEIR APPLICATION Receding lines III. DEPTHS Division of lines Inclined planes Squares Diagonals IV. THE USE OF PLANS IN SKETCHING FORESHORTENED SURFACES Squares Pavements Rooms Concentric squares V. INCLINED PLANES Steps Staircases VI. INCLINED PLANES-continued Roads Doorways Walls Hayfields Cornfields Seashore VII. THE CIRCLE From below In a square Parallel Concentric VIII. THE CIRCLE-continued Wheels Steps Columns Rooms Niches Towers IX. ARCHES How to draw them Bridges Groined roofs X. HOW TO DRAW CURVES BY STRAIGHT LINES Bridges Flowers Foliage Water Heads Figures XI. ARCHITECTURE OF THE VILLAGE Roofs Gables Windows Chimneys Church Towers Battlements Steeple Composite pyramid XII. "CONCERNING DOMES, TURRETS AND STEEPLES" Octagonal steeple on square tower Tower and steeple Composite Domes XIII. PERSPECTIVE OF THE SKY AND SEA Sky Clouds Smoke Sea Distant objects XIV. PERSPECTIVE OF REFLECTIONS Water Inclined planes Distant objects A punt Arches Rippled water In a mirror Refraction XV. PERSPECTIVE OF SHADOWS From the sun Sun in front Sun behind On one side Artificial light XVI. PAVEMENTS "Tiles: Square, Ornamental" Concentric squares Octagonal Hexagon Lozenge XVII. PERSPECTIVE OF BOATS AND SHIPPING Guiding points for curves The sketch plan Correct distances Effect of distance XVIII. PERSPECTIVE FROM UNUSUAL POINTS OF VIEW From a bridge From an airship Looking at the sky Position of the painter Mural painting "Objects near to, in confined spaces" PART II PERSPECTIVE AS PRACTISED BY OTHER NATIONS AND AT OTHER TIMES XIX. PERSPECTIVE IN GREEK AND ROMAN AND OTHER PAINTINGS Greek Roman Egyptian Early Italian Italian and Dutch Schools XX. PERSPECTIVE IN SOME FRENCH AND ENGLISH PAINTINGS Engraving Book illustrating Painting of ships XXI. NOTES ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE JAPANESE PART III MECHANICAL PERSPECTIVE XXII. MECHANICAL PERSPECTIVE: INTRODUCTION Architecture Plan and elevation Heights XXIII. MECHANICAL PERSPECTIVE-continued To find the depth of a house Practical and mechanical perspective Perspective of a ship APPENDIX. I. Enlarging a sketch II. To divide a line in given proportions III. To transfer the division of a line To estimate the measurements of a canvas proportionately larger or smaller BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX